2016年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析(卷2)
2016年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析(卷2)
PartIWriting
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)Howcollegestudentscanimprovetheirsleephabits.
B)Whysufficientsleepisimportantforcollegestudents.
C)Whycollegestudentsaremorelikelytohavestressproblems.
D)Howcollegestudentscanhandletheirpsychologicalproblems.
2.A)Itisnoteasytoimproveone'ssleephabits.
B)Itisnotgoodforstudentstoplayvideogames.
C)Studentswhoarebetterpreparedgenerallygethigherscoresinexaminations.
D)Makinglast-minutepreparationsfortestsmaybelesseffectivethansleeping.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.A)WhethermoreairportsshouldbebuiltaroundLondon.
B)Whetheradequateinvestmentisbeingmadetoimproveairportfacilities.
C)WhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets.
D)WhethertheSpanishcompanycouldofferbetterservice.
4.A)Inefficientmanagement.B)Poorownershipstructure.
C)Lackofinnovationandcompetition.D)Lackofrunwayandterminalcapacity.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A)Reportthenicotinecontentoftheircigarettes.
B)Setalimittotheproductionoftheircigarettes.
C)Takestepstoreducenicotineintheirproducts.
D)Studytheeffectsofnicotineonyoungsmokers.
6.A)Thebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslike.
B)Bigtobaccocompanieswerefrankwiththeircustomersaboutthehazardsofsmoking.
C)Brandswhichcontainhighernicotinecontentwerefoundtobemuchmorepopular.
D)Tobaccocompaniesrefusedtodiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproducts.
7.A)Theypromisedtoreducethenicotinecontentincigarettes.
B)Theyhavenotfullyrealizedtheharmfuleffectofnicotine.
C)Theywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigarettestudy.
D)Theywillpaymoreattentiontothequalityoftheirproducts.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A)Indonesia.B)Holland.C)Sweden.D)England.
9.A)Gettingacoachwhocanofferrealhelp.
B)TalkingwithherboyfriendinDutch.
C)Learningalanguagewhereitisnotspoken.
D)Acquiringthenecessaryabilitytosocialize.
10.A)Listeningtolanguageprogramsontheradio.
B)Tryingtospeakitasmuchasonecan.
C)Makingfriendswithnativespeakers.
D)Practicingreadingaloudasoftenaspossible.
11.A)Itcreatesanenvironmentforsocializing.
B)Itoffersvariouscourseswithcreditpoints.
C)Ittrainsyoungpeople'sleadershipabilities.
D)Itprovidesopportunitiesforlanguagepractice.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.A)Theimpactofenginedesignonroadsafety.B)Therolepolicemenplayintrafficsafety.
C)Asenseoffreedomdrivinggives.D)Rulesandregulationsfordriving.
13.A)Makecarswithautomaticcontrol.B)Makecarsthathavebetterbrakes.
C)Makecarsthatarelesspowerful.D)Makecarswithhigherstandards.
14.A)Theytendtodriveresponsibly.B)Theyliketogoathighspeed.
C)Theykeepwithinspeedlimits.D)Theyfollowtrafficrulesclosely.
15.A)Itisabadidea.B)Itisnotuseful.
C)Itisaseffectiveasspeedbumps.D)Itshouldbecombinedwitheducation.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A)Thecardgotdamaged.B)Thecardwasfoundinvalid.
C)Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning.D)Thecardreaderbrokedownunexpectedly.
17.A)Bycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofplastic.
B)Bycallingthecreditcardcompanyforconfirmation.
C)ByseekinghelpfromthecardreadermakerVerifone.
D)Bytypingthecreditcardnumberintothecashregister.
18.A)Affectthesalesofhigh-techappliances.
B)ChangethelifestyleofmanyAmericans.
C)Givebirthtomanynewtechnologicalinventions.
D)Producemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Theyaresetbythedeanofthegraduateschool.
B)Theyaredeterminedbytheadvisingboard.
C)Theyleavemuchroomforimprovement.
D)Theyvaryamongdifferentdepartments.
20.A)Byconsultingtheexaminingcommittee.B)ByreadingtheBulletinofInformation.
C)Bycontactingthedepartmentaloffice.D)Byvisitingtheuniversity'swebsite.
21.A)Theyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustearn.
B)Theyarehardertomeetthanthoseforundergraduates.
C)Theyhavetobeapprovedbytheexaminingcommittee.
D)Theyarethesameamongvariousdivisionsoftheuniversity.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Studentsmajoringinnutrition.B)Studentsinhealthclasses.
C)Ph.D.candidatesindieting.D)Middleandhighschoolteachers.
23.A)Itsoverestimateoftheeffectofdieting.B)Itsmistakenconceptionofnutrition.
C)Itschangingcriteriaforbeauty.D)Itsoveremphasisonthinness.
24.A)Toillustrateherpointthatbeautyisbutskindeep.
B)Todemonstratethemagiceffectofdietingonwomen.
C)Toexplainhowcomputerimagescanbemisleading.
D)Toprovethattechnologyhasimpactedourculture.
25.A)Topersuadegirlstostopdieting.
B)Topromoteherownconceptofbeauty.
C)Toestablishanemotionalconnectionwithstudents.
D)Tohelpstudentsridthemselvesofbadlivinghabits.
PartIIIReadingComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,mostadultchildren(26)everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecaseinthe"goodolddays",androostolderpeopledonotfeel(27).
About80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%ofthemhave(28)contactwiththeirchildren.About75%ofelderlyparentswhodon'tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.
However,(29)havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldag.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe(30),however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore(31)andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,(32)spirits.
Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandreligious(33)theyarelikelytoenjoyeachother'scompany.Disagreementsonsuchmatterscan(34)causeproblems.Ifparentsareangeredbytheirdaughter'sdivorce,dislikehernewhusband,anddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren,(35)arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits.
A.abandonedB.advancedC.biasedD.chances
E.commitmentF.dampensG.dependentH.distant
I.frequentJ.fulfillmentK.grantL.merely
M.provideN.understandablyO.unrealistically
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
CouldFoodShortagesBringDownCivilization?
A)FormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobalagricultural,population,environmentalandeconomictrendsandtheirinteractions.Thecombinedeffectsofthosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratepointtothebreakdownofgovernmentsandsocieties.YetI,too,haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization.
B)Icannolongerignorethatrisk.Ourcontinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesthatareunderminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible.
C)Asdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansupplies,theresultingfood-priceinflationputsseverestressonthegovernmentsofmanycountries.Unabletobuygrainorgrowtheirown,hungrypeopletaketothestreets.Indeed,evenbeforethesteepclimbingrainpricesin2008,thenumberoffailingstateswasexpanding.Ifthefoodsituationcontinuestoworsen,entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasingrate.Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict;todayitisfailingstates.
D)Statesfailwhennationalgovernmentscannolongerprovidepersonalsecurity,foodsecurityandbasicsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcare.Whengovernmentslosetheircontrolonpower,lawandorderbegintodisintegrate.Afterapoint,countriescanbecomesodangerousthatfoodreliefworkersarenolongersafeandtheirprogramsarehalted.Failingstatesareofinternationalconcernbecausetheyareasourceofterrorists,drugs,weaponsandrefugees(難民),threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere.
E)Thesurgeinworldgrainpricesin2007and2008—andthethreattheyposetofoodsecurity—hasadifferent,moretroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepast.Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedramaticallyseveraltimes.In1972,forinstance,theSoviets,recognizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlycorneredtheworldwheatmarket.Asaresult,wheatpriceselsewheremorethandoubled,pullingriceandcornpricesupwiththem.Butthisandotherpriceshockswereevent-driven—droughtintheSovietUnion,crop-shrinkingheatintheU.S.CornBelt.Andtheriseswereshort-lived:pricestypicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenextharvest.
F)Incontrast,recentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,makingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendsthemselves.Onthedemandside,thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionpeopleayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts,andthemassivediversion(轉向)ofU.S.graintotheproductionofbio-fuel.
G)Asincomesriseamonglow-incomeconsumers,thepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionishuge.Butthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels.Afourthofthisyear'sU.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars.
H)Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrends—theshortageoffreshwater,thelossoftopsoilandtherisingtemperatures—aremakingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandtheworld'sgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdemand.Ofallthosetrends,however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat.Thebiggestchallengehereisirrigation,whichconsumes70%theworld'sfreshwater.Millionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesarenowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefillthem.Theresultisfallingwatertables(地下水位)incountrieswithhalftheworld'speople,includingthethreebiggrainproducers—China,IndiaandtheU.S.
I)Aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellshavegonedry,China'swheatcrop,theworld'slargest,hasdeclinedby8%sinceitpeakedat123milliontonsin1997.ButwatershortagesareevenmoreworryinginIndia.Millionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalmosteverystate.
J)Astheworld'sfoodsecurityfallstopieces,individualcountriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofmany.Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices.Vietnambanneditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamereason.Suchmovesmayeliminatethefearsofthoselivingintheexportingcountries,buttheyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport.
K)Inresponsetothoserestrictions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwouldlockupfuturegrainsupplies.Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyfood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries.Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures,soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.
L)Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed.Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80%fromtheir2006levelsby2020,stabilizetheworld'spopulationateightbillionby2040,completelyremovepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoils.Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives.Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese—thedistributionoffamily-planningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerfamilies.
M)Formanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive,promotingdevelopmentaslongastheydidnotcosttoomuch.Otherssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorallyappropriate.Nowathirdandfarmoresignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaybenecessarytopreventthecollapseofourcivilization.Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.Ineffect,ourplanisthenewsecuritybudget.
36.Themorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts.
37.Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodshortages.
38.Ratherthansuperpowerconflict,countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesnowconstitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity.
39.Somepartsoftheworldhaveseensuccessfulimplementationoffamilyplanning.
40.Theauthorhascometoagreethatfoodshrtagescouldultimatelyleadtothecollapseofworldcivilization.
41.Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworld'sgrainproduction.
42.Thecostforsavingourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablylessthantheworld'scurrentmilitaryspending.
43.Tolowerdomesticfoodprices,somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainexports.
44.Environmentalproblemsmustbesolvedtocasethecurrentglobalfoodshortage.
45.Aquarterofthisyear'sAmericangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproducebio-fuelforcars.
SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.
Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.
Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson'saccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.
Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.
"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.
Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.
Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(細微的)changesinmentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingpuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.
Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition(認知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.
Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(痴獃),accordingtotheresearchers.
"Byfollowingindividualsovertime,"Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."
Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzingthestudyofparticipants'healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.
46.Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?
A.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.B.Itweakensinone'slateryears.
C.Itgraduallyexpandswithage.D.Itindicatesone'shealthcondition.
47.Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?
A.Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.
B.Theyreachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.
C.Theyarecloselyrelatedtophysicalandmentalexercise.
D.Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.
48.WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople'smindsinmostcases?
A.Theytendtodeclineinpeople'slateryears.
B.Theirflexibilitydeterminesone'sabilities.
C.Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage.
D.Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.
49.Althoughpeople'smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they__.
A.maybebetteratsolvingpuzzles
B.canmemorizethingswithmoreease
C.mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning
D.canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse
50.AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus__.
A.findwaystoslowdownourmentaldecline
B.findwaystoboostourmemories
C.understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning
D.understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.Theshorthand(簡寫)educatorsuseforthisis"pre-K"—meaninginstructionbeforekindergarten—andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.
Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.
ThefederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity'sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.
AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.
Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn'tbefreetofamiliesabletopay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.
Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture.
Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干預)works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.
Forthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor.Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.
51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation?
A.Itshouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren.
B.Itisessentialtoaperson'sfutureacademicsuccess.
C.Scholarsandpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsaboutit.
D.Parentsregarditasthefirstphaseofchildren'sdevelopment.
52.WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind?
A.Pre-Kachievementsusuallydonotlastlong.
B.Thethirdgrademarksanewphaseoflearning.
C.Thethirdgradeiscriticaltochildren'sdevelopment.
D.Qualityhasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms.
53.Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksthebest?
A.Whenitisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies.B.Whenitismadepartofkids'education.
C.Whenitisnolongerconsideredaluxury.D.Whenitismadefunandenjoyabletokids.
54.WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry?
A.Sheknowstherealgoalofeducation.B.Sheisamayorofinsightandvision.
C.Shehasoncerunapre-Kprogram.D.Sheisafirmsupporterofpre-K.
55.Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids'education?
A.Teachingmethod.B.Kids'interest.
C.Earlyintervention.D.Parents'involvement.
PartIVTranslation
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet2.
在山東濰坊市，風箏不僅僅是玩具，而且還是這座城市文化的標誌。濰坊以“風箏之都“而聞名，已有將近2400年放飛風箏的歷史。傳說中國古代哲學家墨子用了三年時間在濰坊製作了世界上首個風箏，但放飛的第一天風箏就墜落並摔壞了。也有人相信風箏是中國古代木匠魯班發明的。據說他的風箏用木頭和竹子製作，飛了三天後才落地。
答案解析
PartIWriting
行文思路
這篇作文旨在表達對一位老師在考大學時期的幫助寫的感謝信，首先引出感謝對，接着以具體的幫助事例分析，最後總結並抒發對老師的感激之情。
第一段引出感謝對象。
第二段描述具體事例。
第三段總結並抒發感情。
範文賞析
DearMrs.White,
Iamwritingtothankyouforyourhelpuponmyenteringcollege.
Ontheeveofthecollegeentranceexamination,theschoolconductedafinalmonthexamandIdidnotsowell,havingabadscore.Iwasdepressedandlostconfidenceinmyself.Ialwaysrememberthatyouspecificallyaskedmetotalkinyouroffice.Itwasthatconversationthatchangedmymind.YouencouragedmenottobediscouragedandthoughtIcouldmakemydreamcometrue.Fromthenon,youpaidattentiontomymoodeverydayandgavemesomesuggestions.Inthecollegeentranceexaminationtwomonthslater,Ididnotletyoudownandachievedgoodresults.
NowIhavebeenadmittedtoafirst-classuniversity,butIcan'tforgetyourhelp.Perhapswithoutyou,Icouldn'thavedonesowell.
Yourssincerely,
Robert
PartII聽力原文及答案解析
SectionA
NewsReports
NewsReportOne
Youprobablythinkcollegestudentsareexpertsatsleeping.Butparties,preparationsfortests,personalproblemsandgeneralstresscanwreckastudent'ssleephabits,whichcanbebadforthebodyandthemind.TexasTechUniversityisevenofferingaclasscalled"ImprovingYourSleepHabits".Peoplesufferingfromsleeplossareatanincreasedriskfromobesity,psychologicalproblemsandcarcrashes.Studentswhodon'tgetenoughsleephavepoorerattendanceandlowergrades.Ontopofallthat,anewstudypublishedinthejournalLearning&Memoryfindsyou'reprobablybetteroffsleepingthanmakinglast-minutepreparationsforatest.Twohundredcollegekidsweretaughttoplaysomeunfamiliarvideogames.Subjectswholearnedthegamesinthemorninglostsomeskillswhentheyplayedagain12hourslater,buttheydidmuchbetteraftergettingagoodnight'ssleep.Soifyoureallywanttodoyourjobwell,don'tforgettogetsomesleep.
1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?
答案：B.Whysufficientsleepisimportantforcollegestudents.
點睛解析：主旨大意題。新聞講述的是睡眠對大學生的影響，強調睡眠的重要性而不是如何改善睡眠習慣，故答案選B。
2.WhatisthefindingofthenewstudypublishedinthejournalLearning&Memory?
答案：D.Makinglast-minutepreparationsfortestsmaybelesseffectivethansleeping.
點睛解析：聽關鍵詞選答案。...inthejournalLearningandMemoryfindsyou'reprobablybetteroffsleepingthanmakinglast-minutepreparationsforatest.選項D是正確答案。
NewsReportTwo
Longqueues,delayedflightsandovercrowdingatairportshavebecomealmostasmuchatopicforconversationinBritainasthetraditionalcomplainingabouttheweather.Meanwhile,there'recomplaints:thepoorserviceatLondon'smajorairportsisdiscouragingforeignersfromdoingbusinessinBritain.MuchofthecriticismisdirectedattheBritishAirportsAuthority,whichrunssevenmajorairports,includingthethreemainonesservingLondon.TheCompetitionCommissionisnowtoinvestigatewhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityneedstoselloffsomeofitsassets.Theideaisthatcompetitionbetweenrivaloperatorswouldleadtobetterserviceatairports.TheBritishAirportsAuthorityrecentlyboughtbyaSpanishcompany,saystherootcauseoftheproblemsisnottheownershipstructure,butalackofrunwayandterminalcapacity,whichisaddressingthroughaprogramofheavyinvestments.
3.WhatistheCompetitionCommissiongoingtoinvestigate?
答案：C.WhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets.
點睛解析：新聞中提到TheCompetitionCommissionisnowtoinvestigatewhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityneedstoselloffsomeofitsassets.選項C是原文重現，故選C。
4.WhatistherootcauseofthepoorserviceatBritishairportsaccordingtotheBritishAirportsAuthority?
答案：D.Lackofrunwayandterminalcapacity.
點睛解析：新聞中提到...saystherootcauseoftheproblemsisnottheownershipstructure,butalackofrunwayandterminalcapacity...，所以選項D是正確答案。
NewsReportThree
UnderthelawinMassachusetts,tobaccocompanieshavetomeasurethenicotinecontentofeverytypeofcigaretteandreporttheresults.TheDepartmentofPublicHealthinBostongathersandcarefullyexaminesthefigures,andthendrawsitsconclusion:116brandswerelookedatforthestudy.Ninety-twowerefoundtohavehighernicotineyieldsthantheydid6yearspreviously.Thebiggestincreaseistendedtobeinbrandsthatwerepopularwithyoungsmokers,thatworriestheDepartmentbecauseoftheaddictednatureofnicotine.StantonGlantz,aprofessorofmedicineinSanFranciscoexplainswhy."Theamountofnicotinedeliveredineverycigaretteis10percenthigherthanitwas6yearsago,whichmeansthatit'seasiertogethookedandhardertoquit.Thebigtobaccocompanieshavealwaysinsistedthattheyareflankwiththeircustomersaboutthedangersofsmokingandprovidethemwithenoughdetailtomakeaninformeddecision.However,noneofthemwerepreparedtocommentonthisstudyordiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproducts."
5.WhatdotobaccocompanieshavetodounderthelawinMassachusetts?
答案：A.Reportthenicotinecontentoftheircigarettes.
點睛解析：文中提到UnderthelawinMassachusetts,tobaccocompanieshavetomeasurethenicotinecontentofeverytypeofcigaretteandreporttheresults.煙草公司在馬薩諸塞州的法律規定下，必須去檢測每種香煙的尼古丁含量並彙報結果，故選A。
6.WhatdowelearnfromthestudybytheDepartmentofPublicHealthinBoston?
答案：A.Thebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslike.
點睛解析：原文重現，選項A與文中Thebiggestincreaseistendedtobeinbrandsthatwerepopularwithyoungsmokers...幾乎一樣，werepopularwith與like同義。故選A。
7.Whatdowelearnfromthenewsreportaboutthebigtobaccocompanies?
答案：C.Theywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigarettestudy.
點睛解析：原文的最後一句提到：...noneofthemwerepreparedtocommentonthisstudyordiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproducts.選項C是該句的概括，故選C。
SectionB
Conversations
ConversationOne
M:Andyouknow...onethingthatlwanttoaskyou.It'sgreatyouhavehadthisexperienceofteachinginIndonesia.Andfollowinguponwhatyoujustmentioned,whatwouldyourecommendforstudentswhodonotliveinanEnglish-speakingcountry?And,youknow,theywanttolearn.Idon'tknowaboutperfecting,buttheywantatleasttobeabletocommunicatedecently.Howcantheygoaboutthis?
W:Yeah,it'sreallyhard.That'stherealstrugglebecause...RightnowIdoliveinHollandbutIreallydon'tsocializemuchwithDutchpeople.Andmyboyfriend'sEnglishissogoodthatwejustbasicallyspeakEnglishallthetime,soIhavetomakearealefforttopractice.There'sasmuchlisteningexposureasIwant.AllIhavetodoisturnontheTV.
M:Andreadingalso,right?
W:Yeah,reading.There'splentyIcangettoreadandlistento.Butforspeaking,therereallyisnosubstitutefortryingtospeakandusethelanguageinarelaxedatmosphere.SoIthinkthat'sreallythechallengeforpeoplewholiveinacountrywheretheirtargetlanguageisn'tspoken.Andforthat...gosh,whatwouldIdo?IfIdidn'thavepeoplehere,probably,trytofindaclub...InSwedentheyhaveareallycoolsystemcalled"studycircles",whereit'snot...it'slikeacourse,butreally,youjusthaveacourseleaderwho'stheresortofasacoachingguideandtohelpout...Andyoudon'tgetgrades,andyougojustbecauseyouwanttolearn.
8.Wheredoesthewomanliverightnow?
答案：B.Holland.
點睛解析：地點題，原文中提到：IdoliveinHollandbutIreallydon'tsocializemuchwithDutchpeople.即女士確實住在荷蘭，只是不常和荷蘭人交往，故選B。
9.Whatdoesthewomansayistherealchallenge?
答案：C.Learningalanguagewhereitisnotspoken.
點睛解析：原文中提到：SoIthinkthat'sreallythechallengeforpeoplewholiveinacountrywheretheirtargetlanguageisn'tspoken.選項C與題意相符。
10.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingtolearntospeakaforeignlanguage?
答案：B.Tryingtospeakitasmuchasonecan.
點睛解析：原文中女士提到嘗試去一個俱樂部練習說外語，選項C“儘可能多的去說。”與此相符，故選C。
11.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutthestudycirclesinSweden?
答案：D.Itprovidesopportunitiesforlanguagepractice.
點睛解：推理題。在對話中女士提到瑞典的學習圈，有一個人在旁邊提供幫助，類似於輔導員和引導者，可推理出這種學習圈可以提供語言練習的機會。故選D。
ConversationTwo
W:OK,Nathan.Sowe'retalkingaboutdrivingandarethereanyrulesorregulationsthatyou'dliketochange?
M:I'mnotsureIwanttochangerules,butI'dlikethepolicetobestricterontherules.Likeifpeoplejumpthetrafficlights,Idon'tknowwhythereisn'tacameraatthetrafficlightstostoppeopledoingthat.Alllikespeeding,it'sveryeasytoputspeedcamerasincertainplaces.
W:Maybecarmanufacturersshouldhavesomeresponsibilityinlimitingtheirpoweroftheirengines.What'sthepointinproducinganenginethat'sbigandpowerfulenoughtogolike200km/hwhenthespeedlimitisonly100?
M:Right.ButdoyouknowtherearenospeedlimitsinGermany?
W:Peopletheredodriveresponsibly,though.Often,peoplebreaklawssimplybecausethelawsarethere.Ifthelawisn'tthere,peoplewilldrivewithintheirabilityrange.Whenyou'vegotspeedlimits,thiscreatessituationsthatactuallypresentdangersontheroad.
M:DoyouthinkGermanshavebettereducationaboutpersonalresponsibilitywhendriving?
W:Possibly,theyalsohaveverygoodcars.
M:Right.
W:Ifyou'vegotagoodcarthatcangoatahighspeedthenit'sreallynicetodothat.
M:Butstillwithcare.
W:SoIthinkit'stherestrictionthatcreatesthedangerssometimes.
M:OK.
W:Obviously,whendrivingthrougharesidentialarea,orwherethere'saschool,you'vegottohavespeedpolicemen.
M:Speedbumps.
W:Yes.Speedbumps—thosespeedbumpsthatforceyoutoslowdown.Ithinkthey'reagoodidea.
M:So,youdon'tthinkfiningpeopleisuseful?
W:Notreally,becausethepolicedon'thavetimetopoliceeverysingledriver.
12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?
答案：D.Rulesandregulationsfordriving.
點睛解析：對話中第一句女士提到Sowe'retalkingaboutdrivingandarethereanyrulesorregulationsthatyou'dliketochange，對應選D。
13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkcarmanufacturerscoulddo?
答案：C.Makecarsthatarelesspowerful.
點睛解析：對話中女士說：也許汽車製造商應該對限制汽車引擎的功率負責，選項C與此對應。
14.WhatcanwelearnaboutpeopledrivinginGermany?
答案：A.Theytendtodriveresponsibly.
點睛解析：對話中提到Peopletheredodriveresponsibly，選項A的Theytendtodriveresponsibly與此對應，故選A。
15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthepolicefiningdrivers?
答案：B.Itisnotuseful.
點睛解析：對話中男士對女士說So,youdon'tthinkfiningpeopleisuseful，女士回答確實沒什麼用，對應選項中的Itisnotuseful.“沒什麼用。”故選B。
SectionC
Passages
PassageOne
BehindthecashregisteratastoreindowntownSanFrancisco,SamAzarswipedhiscreditcardtopayforapackofcigarettes.Thestore'scardreaderfailedtoscanthecard'smagneticstrip.Azartriedagainandagain.Noluck!
Ascustomersbegantoqueue,Mr.Azarreachedbeneaththecounterforablackplasticbag.Hewrappedonelayeroftheplasticaroundthecardandtriedagain.Success!Thesalewascompleted.
"Idon'tknowhowitworks.Itjustdoes,"saidMr.Azarwholearnedthetrickfromanotherclerk.Verifone,thecompanythatmakesthestore'scardreader,wouldnotconfirmordenythattheplasticbagtrickworked.Butit'soneofmanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailuresthatpeoplewithoutengineeringdegreeshavediscovered,oftenoutofdesperation,andshared.
Today'sshakyeconomyislikelytoproducemanymoresuchtricks."InpostwarJapan,theeconomywasn'tdoingsogreat,soyoucouldn'tgeteveryday-useitemslikehouseholdcleaners,"saysLisaKatayama,authorofUrawaza,abooknamedaftertheJapanesetermforcleverlifestyletipsandtricks."Sopeoplelookforwaystodowithwhattheyhad."
Today,Americansarefindingtheirowntipsandtricksforfixingmalfunctioningdeviceswithsuppliesassimpleaspaperandglue.Some,likeMr.Azar'splasticbag,areopentoargumentastohowtheywork,orwhethertheyreallyworkatall.Butmanytechhomeremediescanbeexplainedbyalittlescience.
16.WhathappenedwhenSamAzarswipedhiscreditcardtopayforhispurchase?
答案：C.Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning.
點睛解析：原文中提到Thestore'scardreaderfailedtoscanthecard'smagneticstrip.即當他去刷卡的時候，店裏的刷卡機不能刷卡的磁條，故選C。
17.HowdidSamAzarmanagetocompletethesale?
答案：A.Bycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofplastic.
點睛解析：原文中提到Hewrappedonelayeroftheplasticaroundthecardandtriedagain.Success!“拿一層塑料裹在卡上試了一下。成功了！”選項A是該句子的同義替換，故選A。
18.Whatistoday'sshakyeconomylikelytodo?
答案：D.Producemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.
點睛解析：原文中提到：Today'sshakyeconomyislikelytoproducemanymoresuchtricks.意思為當前不穩定的經濟需要更多這樣的訣竅。選項D“發明更多低技術修復方法。”更符合題意。
PassageTwo
Ifyouareagraduatestudent,youmaydependonyouradvisorformanythings,includinghelpwithimprovinggrades,acquiringfinancialsupport,forminganexaminingcommitteeandgettinglettersofrecommendation.Ifyouareagraduateteachingassistant,youradvisoralsomaybeyour"boss".
Academicdepartmentsvaryintheirproceduresforassigningacademicadvisorstograduatestudents.Insomedepartments,eitherthechairmanorthedirectorofgraduatestudiesservesforatleastasemesterasanewstudent'sadvisor.Thenthestudentselectsanadvisor,basedonsharedacademicinterests.
Inotherdepartments,anewstudentisassignedafacultyadvisorbasedonsomesystemofdistributionofthedepartment's"advisingload".Later,studentsmayhavetheopportunityofselectingtheadvisorthattheyprefer.
Inanycase,newgraduatestudentscanlearnwhotheiradvisorsortemporaryadvisorsarebyvisitingoremailingthedepartmentaloffice,andaskingfortheinformation.
Graduationrequirementsspecifythenumberofcreditsyoumustearn,theminimumgradepointaverageyoumustachieve,andthedistributionofcreditsyoumusthavefromamongdifferentdepartmentsorfieldsofstudy.Inaddition,itisnecessaryto"applyforgraduation"whenyou'renearthetimethatyou'llbecompletingyourgraduationrequirements.Sincegraduationrequirementsvaryamongdivisionsoftheuniversity,youshouldconsulttheBulletinofInformation.Youshouldalsodirectyourquestionstoyourdepartmentalofficeoracademicadvisor.
19.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproceduresforassigningacademicadvisors?
答案：D.Theyvaryamongdifferentdepartments.
點睛解析：原文中提到Academicdepartmentsvaryintheirproceduresforassigningacademicadvisorstograduatestudents.“不同的系分配導師給學生的程序都不一樣”。所以選D。
20.Howcannewgraduatestudentslearnwhotheiradvisorsare?
答案：C.Bycontactingthedepartmentaloffice.
點睛解析：原文中提到...byvisitingoremailingthedepartmentaloffice...通過直接拜訪或發郵件的方式到系辦公室，選項C是該信息的同義替換，故選C。
21.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutgraduationrequirements?
答案：A.Theyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustearn.
點睛解析：原文中提到Graduationrequirementsspecifythenumberofcreditsyoumustearn...選項A屬於原文重現，故選A。
PassageThree
JodyHubbardisadietandnutritionexpertwhotravelsaroundthestatetospeakinmiddleandhighschools.Sheprimarilyspeakstostudentsinhealthclasses,butsometimestheschoolwillarrangeforhertospeaktoseveraldifferentgroupsofgirls.HerbiggestconcernistheemphasisAmericancultureplacesonthinnessandthenegativewaysoftheseaffectedgirlstoday.JodyhasaPh.D.innutrition,butmoreimportantly,shehaspersonalexperience—hermothertaughthertodietwhenshewasonly8yearsold.
Jodyhascreatedseveraldifferentpresentationswhichshegivestodifferenttypesofaudiences,andshetriestoestablishanemotionalconnectionwiththestudentssothattheywillfeelcomfortableaskingquestionsortalkingtoherprivately.Sheshowsthempicturesandimagesfrompopularcultureofbeautifulwomenandexplainshowcomputersareusedtomakethewomenlookevenmorethinand"beautiful"thantheyareinreallife.Shedescribeshowthedefinitionofbeautyhaschangedovertheyearsandevenfromculturetoculture.Shethentalksabouthealthissuesandthephysicaldamagethatcanoccurasaresultofdieting.Fnally,sheaddressesself-respectandthenotionthataperson'ssenseofbeautymustincludemorethanhowmuchapersonweighs.
Sometimes,Jodyfeelsthatshesucceedsinpersuadingsomestudentstostopdieting;othertimes,shefeelsthatshefails.
22.WhodoesJodyHubbardprimarilyspeakto?
答案：B.Studentsinhealthclasses.
點睛解析：原文中Sheprimarilyspeakstostudentsinhealthclasses...，選項B是屬於該信息的原文重現，故為正確答案。
23.WhatisJodyHubbard'sbiggestconcernaboutAmericanculture?
答案：D.Itsoveremphasisonthinness.
點睛解析：原文中提到HerbiggestconcernistheemphasisAmericancultureplacesonthinnessandthenegativewaysofthisaffectsgirlstoday.選項D屬於該信息的原文重現，故為正確答案。
24.WhydoesJodyHubbardshowpicturesofbeautifulwomentoheraudiences?
答案：C.Toexplainhowcomputerimagescanbemisleading.
點睛解析：原文中提到Sheshowsthempicturesandimages...explainshowcomputersareusedtomakethewomenlookevenmorethinand"beautiful"thantheyareinreallife.選項C的computerimagescanbemisleading與此信息相符，故選C。
25.WhatisJodyHubbard'smainpurposeingivingherspeeches?
答案：A.Topersuadegirlstostopdieting.
點睛解析：原文最後兩句提到她有時覺得自己成功說服了女生停止節食，有時又覺得自己失敗了，可推理出她的主要目的是勸女生不要節食，所以選A。
PartIII閱讀答案及解析
SectionA
26.provide
點睛解析：空格處應為動詞，且與後面的to連用，所以答案是provide。
27.abandoned
點睛解析：根據空格前的feel可知，空格處應為形容詞，abandoned“遺棄的”，advanced“先進的，提前的”，frequent“頻繁的”，能與feel搭配的只能是abandoned。
28.frequent
點睛解析：空格處修飾名詞contact，所以為形容詞，frequentcontact意為“頻繁的聯繫”。
29.merely
點睛解析：空格處為副詞，修飾havingcontact，merely“不過，僅僅”，understandably“可理解地”，unrealistically“不現實地”，merely符合語境。
30.biased
點睛解析：空格處為形容詞，作表語，biased意為“有偏見的”，可修飾research，與前面的研究相呼應。
31.dependent
點睛解析：空格處為形容詞，作賓語olderpeople的補足語。dependent“依賴的”，符合語境。
32.dampens
點睛解析：空格處為動詞，該句子中的主語是poorhealth，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式，dampen“使消沉，抑制”，符合語境。
33.commitment
點睛解析：空格處與religious連用，與and前的childrearingpractices並列，所以空格處為名詞。commitment“委託，託付”，fulfillment“滿足”，chances“機會，可能性”，religiouscommitment更符合語境。
34.understandably
點睛解析：空格處為副詞，修飾動詞cause，understandably“可理解地”，unrealistically“不現實地”，空格所在句子的意思是：在這種事情上的分歧____產生問題，排除unrealistically。
35.chances
點睛解析：空格處在句子中作主語，名詞可以作主語，chancesarethat是固定用法，即“機會是，可能……”。
SectionB
36.F
點睛解析：題干與F段中...agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts...相對應。
37.A
點睛解析：題干信息是A段中...foodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization.的同義表述。
38.C
點睛解析：題干信息與C段中的最後一句Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict;todayitisfailingstates.相呼應。
39.L
點睛解析：題干與L段的最後一句Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworld...thedistributionoffamily-planningservices...相呼應。
40.B
點睛解析：題干與B段中的...theworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible.相對應。
41.H
點睛解析：H段主要講述的是水資源的匱乏對農作物產量的影響，與題干相對應。
42.M
點睛解析：M段的最後提到：Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.與題干相符。
43.J
點睛解析：J段中提到：Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsupplies...與題干相符。
44.L
點睛解析：L段第一句提到：Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed，該信息與題干相對應。
45.G
點睛解析：G段中的Afourthofthisyear'sU.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars.與題干對應。
SectionC
46.C
點睛解析：根據第一段第一句的前半句Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage...可知，選項C是正確答案。
47.D
點睛解析：第一段中...butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.描述了新研究的發現。
48.C
點睛解析：第五段中Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.對題目作出了解釋。
49.D
點睛解析：根據題干信息可定位至第六段，選項D是對該段的高度概括。
50.A
點睛解析：文章倒數第二段的結尾提到：...wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.與選項A中的findwaystoslowdownourmentaldecline相對應。
51.C
點睛解析：根據題干信息可定位至第二段，該段中提到：Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabout...，選項C是對該信息的概括。
52.A
點睛解析：根據題干中的newPeabody可定位至第四段，該段中提到：...reportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.意味着不會持續很長時間，選A。
53.B
點睛解析：根據題干信息可定位至第五段，該段中Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'sschooling.與選項B相對應。
54.D
點睛解析：第六段中提到Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.選項A、B和C在文中沒有體現。選D。
55.C
點睛解析：選項A、B和D在文中均沒有明顯體現，而選項C中的Earlyintervention與文中倒數第二段的earlyintervention(干預)works相對應。
PartIVTranslation
InWeifang,Shandong,kitesarenotonlytoys,butalsoasymbolofthecity'sculture.Weifangisfamousforthe"kitecapital",whichhasanearly2,400-yearhistoryofkiteflying.ThereisalegendthatancientChinesephilosopherMo-tsespentthreeyearsmakingtheworld'sfirstkiteinWeifang,butitcrashedandbrokewhenflyingonthefirstday.ItisalsobelievedthatthekitewasinventedbyLuBan,anancientChinesecarpenter.Itissaidthathiskitewasmadeofwoodandbamboo.Ittookthreedaystoflytotheground.