253.英文正文（253）

inaddition，anyword—thisagainappliedinprincipletoeverywordinthelanguage—couldbenegativedbyaddingtheaffixun-orcouldbestrengthenedbytheaffixplus-，or，forstillgreateremphasis，doubleplus-。***thus，forexample，uncoldmeant“warm”，whilepluscoldanddoublepluscoldmeant，respectively，“verycold”and“superlativelycold”。itwasalsopossible，asinpresent-dayenglish，tomodifythemeaningofalmostanywordbyprepositionalaffixessuchasante-，post-，up-，down-，etc。bysuchmethodsitwasfoundpossibletobringaboutanenormousdiminutionofvocabulary。given，forinstance，thewordgood，therewasnoneedforsuchawordasbad，sincetherequiredmeaningwasequallywell—indeed，better—expressedbyungood。allthatwasnecessary，inanycasewheretwowordsformedanaturalpairofopposites，wastodecidewhichofthemtosuppress。dark，forexample，couldbereplacedbyunlight，orlightbyundark，accordingtopreference。

theseconddistinguishingmarkofnewspeakgrammarwasitsregularity。subjecttoafewexceptionswhicharementionedbelowallinflexionsfollowedthesamerules。thus，inallverbsthepreteriteandthepastparticiplewerethesameandendedin-ed。thepreteriteofstealwasstealed，thepreteriteofthinkwasthinked，andsoonthroughoutthelanguage，allsuchformsasswam，gave，brought，spoke，taken，etc。，beingabolished。allpluralsweremadebyadding-sor-esasthecasemightbe。thepluralsofman，ox，life，weremans，oxes，lifes。comparisonofadjectiveswasinvariablymadebyadding-er，-est（good，gooder，goodest），irregularformsandthemore，mostformationbeingsuppressed。