晉太宗宣武帝實錄3
陳牧:自寡人君臨以來,七八載矣,威加海外,諸國來庭,倉廩日積,土地日廣,然道德未益厚,仁義未益博者,何哉?先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,此乃大王待下之情未盡於誠信,雖有善始之勤,未睹克終之美故也,昔大王君臨之始,聞善驚嘆,從諫如流,自茲厥後,漸惡直言,雖或勉強有所容,非復曩時之豁如也。
陳牧:非先生教我,寡人不聞此藥石之言,寡人知過矣。
chenmu:Ihavebeenkingformorethansevenyears,Ithreatentheprincesoftheworldtopaytribute,Thecountryisgettingricherandstronger,Butmymoralandbenevolentprestigewasnotpreached,That‘swhy,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Idon‘tthinkthekinghascompletelyeducatedtheworldwithintegrity,Thisisbecauseyouhavenotbeenabletostartandfinishcarefully,Inthebeginningyougovernedthecountryaswellasastream,Butnowthegovernmentisnotasgoodasbefore。
chenmu:Ifitweren‘tforyousayingIwouldn‘tevenknowImadeamistake,Iwaswrong。
陳牧:寡人慾化育萬民,當取何法,先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,教民親愛,莫善於孝,教民禮順,莫善於悌,移風易俗,莫善於樂,夫樂者,感人情,樂正則心正,樂淫則心淫也,安上治民,莫善於禮。上好禮,則臣民安,禮者,敬而已矣,敬,禮之本也。
陳牧:先生之言甚善,寡人謹受教。
chenmu:Iwanttoeducatetheworldwhatshouldbedone,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Educatingtheworldshouldbefilialtoparents,respectelders,andlovebrothers,Indoctrinationoftheworldshouldbemadewithmusicandetiquette,Becausemusiccanfillpeople‘sheartswithpositiveenergyandetiquettecanmakesocietystableandharmonious。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陳牧:寡人慾以牛假貧民,使佃苑中,稅其什之七,自有牛者稅其五,先生以為如何?
蕭凡:臣以為,古者什一而稅。天下之中正也,降及唐末、五代,仁政衰薄,假官田官牛者不過稅其什六,自有牛者稅其四,猶不取其七八也。
陳牧:請為寡人試述之。
蕭凡:自唐末以來,海內板蕩,高皇帝綏之以德,華夷之民,萬里福輳,襁負而歸之者,若赤子之歸父母,是以戶口十倍於舊,無用者什有三四,及大王掌晉,南摧強楚,東卻齊、燕,北取契丹,拓地三千里,增民十萬戶,是宜悉罷苑囿以賦新民,無牛者官賜之牛,不當更收重稅也。
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人知過矣。
蕭凡:且以大王之民用大王之牛,牛非大王之有,將何在哉!如此,則戎旗南指之日,民誰不簞食壺漿以迎王師哉!
陳牧:寡人幾不思量,險誤大事,當為卿改之。
chenmu:Iwanttorentcattletothepoorforthemtofarm,Butchargethemseventenths,andiftherearecattle,chargethemfivetenths,Sirthoughtso?
xiaofan:Ithoughtthatinthepast,one-tenthofthetaxwasfairer,BytheendoftheTangDynasty,therewaspoliticalchaos,Taxeswerenotasheavyastheyarenow。
chenmu:Sir,pleasetrytoelaborate。
xiaofan:SincetheendoftheTangDynasty,theworldhasbeeninchaos,andtheoldemperorhasusedbenevolencetoappeasetheworld,Thepeopleoftheworldhavesubmittedasiftheywereseeingtheirparents,Asaresult,therearetentimesmoreaccountsthanbefore,Sinceyoucametopower,youhavedefeatedtheStateofQiandtheStateofYanintheeastoftheChuStateinthenorthoftheKhitaninthesouth,andthelandhasincreasedby3,000milesandthehukouhasincreasedby100,000,Atthistime,itistimetowasteeverything,youshouldreducetaxesandrenttopoorcattle。
chenmu:Sirwasright,Iwaswrong。
xiaofan:Theworldisyours,andthepeopleareyours,Whatdoesitmatterifthepeopleuseyourcattle,Isn‘titalsoyoursthatyoulendcattletothepeople,Whenyoumarchsouth,thepeoplewillwelcomeyourarmywithfoodandwine。
chenmu:Ididn‘tthinkitthroughandalmostmadeamistake,Icorrecteditimmediately。
陳牧:寡人有氣疾,欲修鄴宮以自養,先生以為如何?
蕭凡:臣以為,大王既有平陽,又修鄴宮,將以何用?作獵車千乘,環數千里以養禽獸,奪人妻女萬餘口以實後宮,豈聖帝明王之所為乎?
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人知過矣。
chenmu:IhavelungdiseasesoIwanttobuildapalacetorecuperate,Sirthoughtso?
xiaofan:Ithinkyoualreadyhaveapalaceandthenbuildtheotheroneswhichiswhattodo,Keepinganimalsinenclosuresforhunting,robbingotherpeople‘swivesanddaughterstoenrichtheharemisnotwhatawisekingshoulddo。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。
陳牧:今大修馳道於郡縣,會久雨失期,寡人慾罪尚書,先生以為如何?
蕭凡:臣以為,天降淫雨,道路塗潦,雖有鬼兵百萬,無如之何,而況人乎!今大王以道路不修,欲殺尚書,豈能儀刑四海以法將來耶?
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人知過矣,當為卿赦之。
chenmu:Iwanttooverhaulroadstocitiesandcountyseats,Justhappenedtoencounterheavyrainanddelayedtheconstructionperiod,Iwanttoblamethepersonincharge,Sirthoughtso?
xiaofan:Ithinkitrainedheavilyandtheroadsweremuddy,Evenamillionghostsoldierscan‘tdoit,andordinarypeoplecan‘tdoit,Youpunishthepersoninchargeforthedelayintheconstructionperiod,Howcanthepeopleoftheworldbeconvinced?
chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong,Ipardonhimforsir。
陳牧:李晟將軍克中山,而郡守不降,伏劍而死,寡人當如何處之,先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,此乃義士也,為人臣,功既不成,唯有死節耳,大王以信義治天下,當禮而葬之,以勸來者。
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。
chenmu:GeneralLiShengconqueredZhongshanCity,Butthekeeperdidnotsurrenderandcommittedsuicidewithasword,WhatshouldIdoaboutit,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithinkhe‘saloyalman,Failuretosuccessfullydefendthecitycanonlybedeterminedbydeath,Youruletheworldwithfaith,soyouhavetoburyhimwithhighstandards,Throughthis,letthepeopleoftheworldreturntotheirhearts。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陳牧:寡人慾伐西涼,將佐皆以為不可,奈何?先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,夫經略大事,固非常情所及,智者了於胸中,不必待眾言皆合也。
陳牧:先生試述之。
蕭凡:今為晉肘腋之患者,西涼而已,彼雖險固,比燕為弱,將欲除之,宜先其易者,西涼無道,臣民不附,且恃其險遠,不修戰備,宜以精兵萬人輕齎疾趨,比其覺之,我已出其險要,可一戰擒也。
陳牧:若大軍西征,齊、楚,扣關當如何?
蕭凡:論者恐大軍既西,齊、楚必窺覦,此似是而非也,齊、楚聞我萬里遠征,以為內有重備,必不敢動,縱有侵軼,李晟將軍足以拒守,必無憂也。
陳牧:先生解我心憂,寡人意決矣。
chenmu:IwantedtoattacktheWesternLiangKingdombutthegeneralsdidn‘tapproveofit,WhatshouldIdo,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithinkthatstrategiceventsarenotsomethingthatordinarypeoplecanunderstand,Wisepeoplehaveadecisionintheirheartsanddon‘tneedeveryone‘sconsent。
chenmu:Sir,pleaseelaborate。
xiaofan:NowourgreattroubleistheWesternLiangKingdom,AlthoughtheterrainoftheWesternLiangKingdomisdangerous,itisalittleweakerthantheYanState,ThepoliticsoftheWesternLiangStatewerechaoticandthepeoplewerenotsubservient,Itreliesonitsprecariousterrainwithoutreinforcingitsarmaments,Ifyouwanttofight,youmustfirstfighttheweak,Youshouldsendageneralwith10,000elitesoldierstoblitztheWesternLiangKingdom,Bythetimetheyrealized,wehadenteredtheirprecariousterrain,TheWesternLiangKingdomwilldefinitelybeconqueredbyus。
chenmu:Whatifthearmymarcheswest,andtheStateofQiandChuattacktheborder?
xiaofan:Thechancellorbelievedthatafterthewesternexpeditionofthelargearmy,theStateofQiandtheStateofChuwouldattacktheborder,Suchathingisunlikely,WhentheStateofQiandtheStateofChuheardaboutourexpedition,theywouldthinkthatwewereonguard,sotheywouldnotlaunchanattack,Eveniftheyattacked,GeneralLiShengcouldresistthem,Youdon‘thavetoworry。
chenmu:Sirtooktheknotinmyheart,Ialreadyhadadecisioninmymind。