2015年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析(卷1)
2015年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析(卷1)
PartIWriting
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthencommentonthekid'sunderstandingofgoingtoschool.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
"WhyamIgoingtoschoolifmyphonealreadyknowseverything?"
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
1.A.Hewillgivethewomansometipsonthegame.
B.Thewomanhasagoodreasontoquitthegame.
C.Heiswillingtoplaychesswiththewoman.
D.Thewomanshouldgoonplayingchess.
2.A.ThemancanforwardthemailtoMary.B.ShecancallMarytotakecareofthemail.
C.MaryprobablyknowsSally'snewaddress.D.ShewouldliketoresumecontactwithSally.
3.A.Hishandwritinghasauniquestyle.B.Hisnotesarenoteasytoread.
C.Hedidnotattendtoday'sclass.D.Heisverypleasedtobeabletohelp.
4.A.Themanhadbetterchooseanotherrestaurant.
B.Thenewrestaurantisaperfectplacefordating.
C.Thenewrestaurantcaughtherfancyimmediately.
D.Themanhasgoodtasteinchoosingtherestaurant.
5.A.Hehasbeenlookingforwardtospring.B.Hehasbeenwaitingforthewintersale.
C.Hewillcleanthewoman'sbootsforspring.D.Hewillhelpthewomanputthingsaway.
6.A.Thewomanisratherforgetful.
B.Themanappreciatesthewoman'shelp.
C.Themanoftenlendsbookstothewoman.
D.Thewomanoftenworksovertimeatweekends.
7.A.Gotoworkonfoot.B.Takeasightseeingtrip.
C.Startworkearlierthanusual.D.Takeawalkwhentheweatherisnice.
8.A.Theplaneisgoingtolandatanotherairport.
B.Allflightshavebeendelayedduetobadweather.
C.Temporaryclosinghasdisturbedtheairport'soperation.
D.Theairport'smanagementisinrealneedofimprovement.
Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
9.A.Itspecializesinsafetyfromleaks.B.ItisheadquarteredinLondon.
C.IthasapartnershipwithLCP.D.Ithasachemicalprocessingplant.
10.A.HeisMr.Grand'sfriend.B.Heisasafetyinspector.
C.Heisasalesman.D.Heisachemist.
11.A.Directorofthesafetydepartment.B.Mr.Grand'spersonalassistant.
C.Headofthepersonaldepartment.D.Thepublicrelationsofficer.
12.A.WaitforMr.Grandtocallback.B.LeaveamessageforMr.Grand.
C.Providedetailsoftheirproductsandservices.
D.Sendacomprehensivedescriptionoftheirwork.
Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
13.A.ShelearnedplayingtheviolinfromafamousFrenchmusician.
B.ShedreamedofworkingandlivinginaEuropeancountry.
C.ShereadalotaboutEuropeanmusiciansandtheirmusic.
D.ShelistenedtorecordingsofmanyEuropeanorchestras.
14.A.Shebegantakingviolinlessonsasasmallchild.
B.ShewasapupilofafamousEuropeanviolinist.
C.Shegaveherfirstperformancewithherfather.
D.Shebecameaprofessionalviolinistatfifteen.
15.A.Itgaveherachancetoexplorethecity.B.Itwasthechanceofalifetime.
C.Itwasagreatchallengetoher.D.IthelpedherlearnclassicalFrenchmusic.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A.Therearemysteriousstoriesbehindhisworks.
B.Therearemanymisunderstandingsabouthim.
C.Hisworkshavenomatchworldwide.
D.Hispersonalhistoryislittleknown.
17.A.HemovedtoStratford-on-Avoninhischildhood.
B.Hefailedtogobeyondgrammarschool.
C.Hewasamemberofthetowncouncil.
D.Heonceworkedinawell-knownactingcompany.
18.A.Writersofhistimehadnomeanstoprotecttheirworks.
B.Possiblesourcesofcluesabouthimwerelostinafire.
C.Hisworkswereadaptedbeyondrecognition.
D.Peopleofhistimehadlittleinterestinhim.
PassageTwo
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A.Theft.B.Cheating.C.Aircrash.D.Roadaccidents.
20.A.Learnthelocalcustoms.B.Makehotelreservations.
C.Bookticketswellinadvance.D.Havetherightdocuments.
21.A.Contactyouragent.B.Getaliftifpossible.
C.Useofficialtransport.D.Haveafriendmeetyou.
PassageThree
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A.Cutdownproductioncost.B.Sellinexpensiveproducts.
C.Specialiseingoldornaments.D.Refinethetasteofhisgoods.
23.A.Atanationalpressconference.B.Duringalivetelevisioninterview.
C.Duringalocalsalespromotioncampaign.D.AtameetingoftopBritishbusinesspeople.
24.A.Insulted.B.Puzzled.C.Distressed.D.Discouraged.
25.A.Thewordsofsomebusinesspeoplearejustrubbish.
B.Hewhoneverlearnsfromthepastisboundtofail.
C.Thereshouldbealimittoone'ssenseofhumour.
D.Heisnotlaughedat,thatlaughsathimselffirst.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
Lookingatthebasicbiologicalsystems,theworldisnotdoingverywell.Yeteconomicindicatorsshowtheworldis(26).Despiteaslowstartatthebeginningoftheeighties,globaleconomicoutputincreasedbymorethanafifthduringthe(27).Theeconomygrew,tradeincreased,andmillionsofnewjobswerecreated.Howcanbiologicalindicatorsshowthe(28)ofeconomicindicators?
Theansweristhattheeconomicindicatorshaveabasicfault:theyshownodifferencebetweenresourceusesthat(29)progressandthoseusesthatwillhurtit.Themainmeasureofeconomicprogressisthegrossnationalproduct(GNP).(30),thistotalsthevalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedandsubtractslossinvalueoffactoriesandequipment.Developedahalf-centuryago,GNPhelped(31)acommonwayamongcountriesofmeasuringchangeineconomicoutput.Forsometime,thisseemedtowork(32)well,butseriousweaknessesarenowappearing.Asindicatedearlier,GNPincludeslossinvalueoffactoriesandequipment,butitdoesnot(33)thelossofnaturalresources,includingnonrenewableresourcessuchasoilorrenewableresourcessuchasforests.
Thisbasicfaultcanproducea(34)senseofnationaleconomichealth.AccordingtoGNP,forexample,countriesthatovercutforestsactuallydobetterthanthosethatpreservetheirforests.Thetreescutdownarecountedasincomebutnosubtractionismadefor(35)theforests.
PartⅢReadingComprehension
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshaveequalaccesstoaqualityeducation.Todayitis(36)thelaunchoftheExcellentEducatorsforAllInitiative.Theinitiativewillhelpstatesandschooldistrictssupportgreateducatorsforthestudentswhoneedthemmost.
"Allchildrenare(37)toahigh-qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.Itis(38)importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudentsreachtheirfull(39),"U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid."Despitetheexcellentworkanddeep(40)ofournation'steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh-poverty,high-minorityschoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry.Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducatorswill(41)theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto(42)ourfocusonhowtobetterrecruit,supportand(43)effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswhoneedthemmost."
Today'sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaqualityeducation,a(44)ofPresidentObama'syearofaction.Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleadaroundtablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe(45)ofworkinginhigh-needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducatorsintheseschools.
A.announcingB.beneficialC.challengesD.commitment
E.componentF.contestsG.criticallyH.develop
I.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potential
M.properlyN.qualifiedO.retain
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
TheChangesFacingFastFood
A.Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticisethemseverelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald's,whoselogosymbolisescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.Thesearethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.
B.Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,thelogicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive.Such"tradingdown"provedtrueformuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast-foodcompaniespickedupcustomerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurants.TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1menusandcheapcombinationmeals.
C.Asaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirmoreexpensivecompetitors.In2009salesatfull-servicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,buttotalsalesremainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,FranceandBritain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreased.Same-storesalesinAmericaatMcDonald's,theworld'slargestfast-foodcompany,didnotdeclinethroughoutthedownturn.PaneraBread,anAmericanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffershigher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.
D.Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate.Many,suchasBurgerKing,haveseensalesfall.Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmallerfast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl'sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald's,whichincreasedspendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback.
E.Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue.Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtemptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees(特許經營人)sued(起訴)thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberepuiredtosellthesefor$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavourofBurgerKing.Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"valuemenu"nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,upfrom12%lastOctober.
F.Analystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice(引誘)consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue(燒烤)porkribsat$7foreight.
G.Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.McDonald'sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"McCafe"linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'sBestCoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.
H.Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"supersize"to"morebuys",theyneedtokeepcustomertraffichighthroughouttheday.Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfood.McDonald'swillstartsellingporridge(粥)inAmericanextyear."Breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,"saysSaraSenatoreofBernstein,aresearchfirm,"becausethemarginscanbehigh."Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps."Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,wecanselltoconsumersproductstheywantallday,"saysRickCarucci,thechieffinancialofficerofYum!Brands.
I.Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoidedgovernmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity(肥胖症).Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'twanttoeataburger.Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.
J.Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough."Everypackaged-foodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,"saysMr.PalmerofUBS.America'shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20ormoreoutletstoputthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveonthemenu.AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-postinglawinNewYorkCityin2007,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunkin'Donutsoutletwasnearby—asign,itissaid,thatmenu-labellingcouldfavourchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.
K.InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating(創新).WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenumeansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorvegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinitshigh-calorie"HappyMeals",becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.
46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.
47.Fast-foodfirmsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.
48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'sBestCoffeetoincreasesales.
49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem.
50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.
51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.
52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoftenprovedineffective.
53.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingbreakfast.
54.Manyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-priceditems.
55.Anewly-passedlawasksbigfast-foodchainstospecifythecaloriecountofwhattheyserveonthemenu.
SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.
Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.
Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly—applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying—recentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.
Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.
56.Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?
A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.
C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.
57.WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?
A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.
C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.
58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621people?
A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.
B.High-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.
C.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.
D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.
59.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?
A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.
B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.
C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.
D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.
60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?
A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.B.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.
C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.
Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(長壽)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.
Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二戰後生育高峰期出生的美國人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.
Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(預期壽命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefi-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknow-howtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.
61.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?
A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.
B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.
C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.
D.Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.
62.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?
A.Longerlifeexpectancies.
B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.
C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.
D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.
63.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?
A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.
B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.
C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation
D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.
64.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?
A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.
B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.
C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.
D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.
65.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?
A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.
B.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.
C.Mostjobstobedonewillbethecreativeones.
D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.
PartIVTranslation
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
中國是世界上最古老的文明之一。構成現在世界基礎的許多元素都起源於中國。中國現在擁有世界上發展最快的經濟，並經歷着一次新的工業革命。中國還啟動了雄心勃勃的太空探索計劃，其中包括到2020年建成一個太空站。目前，中國是世界上最大的出口國之一，並且正在吸引大量外國投資。同時，它也在海外投資數十億美元。2011年，中國超越日本成為第二大經濟體。
答案解析
Part1Writing
行文思路
根據題目要求，首先簡要描述圖畫內容，該圖畫中，一個小孩問母親：“如果我的手機已經知道一切，為什麼我還要上學呢？”很明顯，本題主旨為手機是否可以取代上學。針對該主題，文章結構可以安排如下：
首先，簡單描述圖畫內容，引出話題：有人認為手機可以取代上學；其次，展開詳細論述說明手機並不能取代上學；最後，提出建議：要合理利用手機，同時學校教育是必不可少的，不可或缺的。
範文賞析
Inthepictureabove,wecanseethatalittleboyishandlingwithasmartphoneandaskshismother:"WhyamIgoingtoschoolifmyphonealreadyknowseverything?"Obviouslythispicturereflectsthatnowmoreandmorestudentsholdthatmobilephonescanreplaceschools.However,itisbynomeansasensiblethought.
Thereisnodoubtthatthemobilephonehasbroughtusgreatconvenience,butweshouldnotbeoverlydependentonmobilephoneinthelearning.Firstofall,weshouldhavegoodknowledgeofreservestocopewithvarioussituationswithoutthemobilephoneathand.Secondly,itisourpersonalknowledgethathaspromotedthedevelopmentofmobilephone.Withoutthebasiceducationatschool,thereisnottheadventofmobilephone.
Inshort,overrelianceonmobilephonedomoreharmthangood.Therefore,weshouldreasonablycombinelearningwithmobilephone.Goingtoschoolisthesensiblechoice,andwecanbenefitthemostfromtheschool.
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
ShortConversations
1.W:I'mgoingtogiveupplayingchess.Ilostagaintoday.
M:Justbecauseyoulost?Isthatanyreasontoquit?
Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?
答案：D
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，女士說因為今天又輸了，所以打算放棄下象棋。男士沒有正面回應，而是反問了兩句“僅僅是因為輸了嗎？那能算是放棄的理由嗎？”言外之意就是不該放棄。即男士建議女士繼續下棋。所以選D。
2.M:DoyouknowSally'snewaddress?She'sgotsomemailhereandI'dliketofoldittoher.
W:Well,we'venotbeenintouchforquiteawhile.Let'ssee.Maryshouldknowit.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
答案：C
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，男士想把薩莉的郵件轉寄給她，問女士是否知道她的地址。女士說自己很久沒跟薩莉聯繫了，但是結尾補充了一句：“瑪麗應該知道地址。”所以正確答案是C。
3.W:Imissedclassesthismorning.Couldyoupleaselendmeyournotes?
M:Mynotes?You'veneverseenmyhandwriting,haveyou?
Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?
答案：B
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，女士想要借男士的筆記看，男士沒有正面回答，而是反問道：You'veneverseenmyhandwriting，haveyou?“你沒看過我寫的字，對嗎？”言外之意就是自己寫的字難以辨認，不易讀懂。所以選B。
4.M:I'mtakingmygirlfriendtothefancynewrestaurantforherbirthdaytonight.
W:Iwenttherelastweekend.Ifounditratherdisappointing.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
答案：A
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，男士說今晚要帶女朋友去新開的飯店過生日。女士說她上個周末去過，太讓她失望了。言外之意就是建議男士不要去這家飯店了，應該另選一家。所以選A。
5.W:Winterisoveratlast.Timetoputawaymyglovesandboots.
M:I'vebeenwaitingforthisformonths.
Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?
答案：A
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，女士說，冬天終於結束了，可以把手套和靴子收起來了。男士回應說，為此他已經等了好幾個月了。顯然男士和女士一樣非常期待冬天的結束，言外之意也就是在盼望春天的到來。所以選A。
6.W:Thankyouforbringingthebooksback.
M:Ithoughtyouneedthemovertheweekend.Manythanksforlettingmeusethem.
Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
答案：B
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，女士對男士說，謝謝他把書送回來，由此可知應該是男士借了女士的書。男士說，他認為女士周末會用到，而且感謝女士讓他使用這些書。選項B符合題意，所以選B。
7.W:Areyouworkingflexiblehours?
M:No，I'mnot.Theweathertodayissonice，soIdecidedtowalktowork，andthatmeantIhadtoleaveanhourearlierthanusual.
Q:Whatdidthemandecidetodo?
答案：A
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，女士問男士的工作時間是否靈活，男士回答說，不是，但今天天氣很好，他決定步行去上班，所以必須比平常早一個小時出發。所以選A。
8.W:Ourplanehasbeencirclingforalongtime.Whythedelay?
M:Theairportwasclosedforawhilethismorning，andthingsarestillnotbacktonormal。
Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?
答案：C
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，女士問，飛機已經盤旋了很長時間，為什麼會延遲。男士回答說，機場早晨關閉了一段時間，而且仍然沒有恢復正常。由此可知，機場出現的問題是closedforawhile，而選項C中的temporaryclosing正是該表述的同義表述，所以C是正確答案。
LongConversations
ConversationOne
W:Goodmorning,thisisTGC!
M:Goodmorning,WalterBarryhere,callingfromLondon.CouldIspeaktoMr.Grand,please?
W:Who'scalling,please?
M:WalterBarry,fromLondon.
W:Whatisitabout,please?
M:Well,(9)Iunderstandthatyourcompanyhasachemicalprocessingplant.MyowncompanyLCP,LiquidControlProducts,isaleaderinsafetyfromleaksinthefieldofchemicalprocessing.(10)I'dliketospeaktoMr.GrandtodiscusswaysinwhichwecouldhelpTGCtoprotectitselffromsuchproblemsandsavemoneyatthesametime.
W:Yes,Isee.Well,Mr.Grandisnotavailablejustnow.
M:CanyoutellmewhenIcouldreachhim?
W:He'sverybusyforthenextfewdays.Thenhe'llbeawayinNewYork.Soit'sdifficulttogiveyouatime.
M:CouldIspeaktosomeoneelse,perhaps?
W:Who,inparticular?
M:Acolleague,forexample?
W:(11)Youarespeakingtohispersonalassistant.IcandealwithcallsforMr.Grand.
M:Yes,well,couldIringhimtomorrow?
W:No,I'msorry.Hewon'tbefreetomorrow.Listen,letmesuggestsomething.(12)Yousendusdetailsofyourproductsandservices,togetherwithreferencesfromothercompanies.Andthenwe'llcontactyou.
M:Yes,that'sverykindofyou.Ihaveyouraddress.
W:Verygood,Mr?
M:Barry.WalterBarry,fromLCPinLondon.
W:Right,Mr.Barry.Welookforwardtohearingfromyou.
M:Thankyou,goodbye.
W:Bye.
9.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman'scompany?
答案：D
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，男士在給女士打電話，女士問男士有什麼事情，男士在說明來電目的之前說，自己了解到女士的公司有家化學加工廠，所以選D。
10.Whatdowelearnabouttheman?
答案：C
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，男士先是表明自己的身份，然後介紹了自己的公司，說明了來電目的是想和格蘭德先生討論如何幫助TGC公司防止泄漏，同時節省開支的問題，實際上就是要推薦自己公司的產品，由此可推斷男士是一名銷售員，選項C“他是一名銷售員”符合題意，所以選C。
11.Whatisthewoman'spositioninhercompany?
答案：B
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到：Youarespeakingtohispersonalassistant.女士告知男士他正和格蘭德先生的私人助理說話，也就是說女士就是格蘭德先生的私人助理，所以選項B是正確答案。
12.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?
答案：C
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，女士說letmesuggestsomething，由此可知這句話後面就是女士對男士的建議，即為該題的答案。女士建議男士將其公司的產品和服務的詳情以及其他公司的推薦信一併寄送過來，之後會和男士聯繫，所以選C。
ConversationTwo
M:MissYamada,(13)didyoueverthinkthatyouwouldfindyourselflivingandworkinginthewesternworld?
W:(13)No,notreally,althoughI'vealwayslistenedtorecordingsofgreatorchestrasfromEurope.
M:Soyouenjoyedclassicalmusicevenwhenyouwereveryyoung?
W:Oh,yes.Iwasonlyachild.
M:Youwerebornin1955.Isthatright?
W:Yes,(14)IbeganviolinlessonsatschoolwhenIwas6.
M:Asyoungasthat.Didyoulikeit?
W:Oh,yes,verymuch.
M:Whendidyoufirstplayonyourown?Imean,whendidyougiveyourfirstperformance?
W:IthinkIwas8...?No,9.Ijusthadmybirthdayaweekbefore,andmyfatherhadboughtmeanewviolin.Iplayedasmallpieceattheschoolconcert.
M:Didyouknowthenthatyouwouldbecomeaprofessionalviolinist?
W:Yes,Ithinkso.Ienjoyplayingtheviolinverymuch,andIdidn'tmindpracticing,sometimesthreeorfourhoursaday.
M:AndwhendidyoufirstcometoEurope?
W:Iwasverylucky.WhenIwasfifteen,IwonascholarshiptoacollegeinParis.Thatwasforathree-yearcourse.
M:Howdidyourparentsfeelaboutthat?
W:Ithinktheywerepleasedandworriedatthesametime.(15)Itwasthechanceofalifetime.ButofcourseIwouldbethousandsofmilesfromhome.Anyway,IstudiedinParisforthreeyearsandthenwentbacktoTokyo.
13.WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanbeforeshewenttoEurope?
答案：D
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，男士問女士是否想過會在西方世界生活和工作，女士回答說沒有，但是自己一直都聽歐洲大型管弦樂隊的唱片，由此可知女士在到歐洲之前聽過很多歐洲管弦樂隊的唱，D“她聽過很多歐洲管弦樂隊的唱片”與原文一致，所以選D。
14.Whatdoesthewomansayabouthermusicexperience?
答案：A
點睛解析：在對話中我們可以聽到，男士問女士是否很小就喜歡古典音樂，女士給出肯定回答，並說自己六歲就開始在學校里學習小提琴，A“她很小的時候就開始上小提琴課”符合題意，所以選A。
15.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutherstudyinParis?
答案：B
點睛解析：在對話結尾處我們可以聽到，女士提到自己十五歲獲得獎學金到巴黎留學，父母喜憂參半，因為這既是個千載難逢的機會，也意味着她要遠離故鄉。四個選項中只有B“這是一個千載難逢的機會”與原文相符，所以B是正確答案。
SectionB
PassageOne
Whatmakesapersonfamous?Thisisamysterythatmanypeoplehavecarefullythoughtabout.Allkindsofmythssurroundthelivesofwell-knownpeople.MostpeoplearefamiliarwiththeworksofWilliamShakespeare,oneofthegreatestEnglishwritersofthe16thand17thcenturies.(16)YethowmanyknowShakespearetheperson,themanbehindtheworks?Aftercenturiesofresearch,scholarsarestilltryingtodiscoverShakespeare'spersonalhistory.Itisnoteasilyfoundinhiswritings.Authorsofthetimecouldnotprotecttheirworks.Anactingcompany,forexample,couldchangeaplayiftheywantedto.Nowadays,writershavecopyrightsthatprotecttheirwork.
ManymythsaroseaboutShakespeare.Somesaidhehadnoformaleducation.Othersbelievedthathebeganhiscareerbytendingthehorsesofwealthymen.Allofthesemythsareinteresting,butaretheytrue?Probablynot.(17)Shakespeare'sfatherwasarespectedmaninStratford-on-Avon,amemberofthetowncouncil.HesentyoungWilliamtogrammarschool.MostpeopleofElizabethantimesdidnotcontinuebeyondgrammarschool;so,Shakespearedidhave,atleast,anaverageeducation.(18)SomepartsofShakespeare'slifewillalwaysremainunknown.TheGreatLondonFireof1666burnedmanyimportantdocumentsthatcouldhavebeenasourceofclues.Wewillalwaysbeleftwithmanyquestionsandfewfacts.
16.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutWilliamShakespeare?
答案：D
點睛解析：在短文中我們可以聽到作者提出“有多少人了解莎士比亞本人？”的問題，接着指出學者們經過幾個世紀的研究之後，仍然在不斷探索他的個人史。由此可知，莎士比亞的個人史很少有人知道，D“他的個人史很少有人知道”與原文一致，所以D是正確答案。
17.WhatdowelearnaboutShakespeare'sfather?
答案：C
點睛解析：在短文中我們可以聽到：Shakespeare'sfatherwasarespectedmaninStratford-on-Avon,amemberofthetowncouncil.“莎士比亞的父親受人尊敬，是埃文河畔斯特拉特福鎮議會的一名成員。”選項C“是鎮上議會的一名成員”與原文一致，故C為答案。
18.WhydoesthespeakersaypartsofShakespeare'slifewillremainamystery?
答案：B
點睛解析：在短文結尾處我們可以聽到，1666年倫敦的一場大火把很多重要文件燒毀了，而這些本來可能是了解莎士比亞的線索，因此莎士比亞的一部分生活將永遠不為人所知，選項B“關於他的一些線索的文件在一場大火里丟失了”與原文相符，故B為答案。
PassageTwo
Whereveryougoandforwhateverreason,it'simportanttobesafe.(19)Whilethemajorityofpeopleyoumeetwhentravellingaresuretobefriendlyandwelcoming,therearedangers—theftbeingthemostcommon.
Justasinyourhomecountry,donotexpecteveryoneyoumeettobefriendlyandhelpful.It'simportanttoprepareforyourtripinadvanceandtotakeprecautionswhileyouaretravelling.(20)Asyouprepareforyourtrip,makesureyouhavetherightpaperwork.Youdon'twanttogettoyourdestinationonlytofindyouhavethewrongvisa,orworse,thatyourpassportisn'tvalidanymore.Also,makesureyoutravelwithpropermedicalinsurance,sothatifyouaresickorinjuredduringyourtravels,youwillbeabletogettreatment.Ifyouwanttodrivewhileyouareabroad,makesureyouhaveaninternationaldriver'slicense.
(21)Whenyougettoyourdestination,useofficialtransport.Alwaysgotobusandtaxistands.Don'tacceptridesfromstrangerswhoofferyoualift.Ifthereisnometerinthetaxi,agreeonapricebeforeyougetin.Ifyouprefertostayincheaphotelswhiletravelling,makesureyoucanlockthedoorofyourroomfromtheinside.Finally,remembertosmile.It'sthefriendliestandmostsincereformofcommunication,andissuretobeunderstoodinanypartoftheworld!
19.Whatismentionedasamostcommondangerwhenpeoplegotravellingabroad?
答案：A
點睛解析：在短文開頭部分我們可以聽到：therearedangers—theftbeingthemostcommon“其中最為常見的就是盜竊”，所以A是正確答案。
20.Whatisthemostimportantthingtodowhenyouprepareforyourtripabroad?
答案：D
點睛解析：在短文中我們可以聽到：Asyouprepareforyourtrip,makesureyouhavetherightpaperwork.“在準備出國旅遊時，一定要確保文件正確”。選項D中的documents與文中的paperwork是同義表述，故D為正確答案。
21.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestyoudowhenyouarriveatyourdestination?
答案：C
點睛解析：在短文最後我們可以聽到：Whenyougettoyourdestination,useofficialtransport.“到達目的地后要選擇乘坐正規的交通工具。”所以C為正確答案。
PassageThree
(25)TheBritisharesupposedtobefamousforlaughingatthemselves,buteventheirsenseofhumourhasalimit,astheBritishretailerGeraldRatnerfoundouttohiscost.(22)WhenRatnertookoverhisfather'schainof130jewelryshopsin1984,heintroducedaveryclearcompanypolicy.Hedecidedthathisshopsshouldselldownmarketproductsatthelowestpossibleprices.Itwasagreatsuccess.TheBritishpubliclovedhischeapgoldearringsandhistastelesssilverornaments.By1991,Ratner'scompanyhad2,400shopsanditwasworthover680millionpounds.ButinAprilofthatyear,GeraldRatnermadeabigmistake.(23)AtabigmeetingoftopBritishbusinesspeople,hesuitedupandexplainedthesecretofhissuccess.Peoplesay,"Howcanwesellourgoodsforsuchalowprice?"Isay,"Becausetheyareabsoluterubbish."Hisaudienceroaredwithlaughter.ButtheBritishnewspapersandtheBritishpublicwerenotsoamused.(24)PeoplefeltinsultedandstayedawayfromRatner'sshops.Salesfelland6monthsafterhisspeech,Ratner'ssharepricehadfallenby42%.Thefollowingyear,thingsgotworseandGeraldRatnerwasforcedtoresign.Bytheendof1992,helosthiscompany,hiscareerandhishouse.Evenworse,25,000ofhisemployeeshadlosttheirjobs.(25)Ithadbeenaveryexpensivejoke.
22.WhatdidGeraldRatnerdecidetodowhenhetookoverhisfather'sshops?
答案：B
點睛解析：在短文開頭部分我們可以聽到：WhenRatnertookoverhisfather'schainof130jewelryshopsin1984...Hedecidedthathisshopsshouldselldownmarketproductsatthelowestpossibleprices.“拉特納在1984年接管了父親的珠寶連鎖店后……決定以最低的價格賣出低檔產品。”選項B中sellinexpensiveproducts是原文selldownmarketproducts的同義轉述，所以選B。
23.OnwhatoccasiondidGeraldRatnerexplainthesecretofhissuccess?
答案：D
點睛解析：在短文中我們可以聽到：AtabigmeetingoftopBritishbusinesspeople,heshowedupandexplainedthesecretofhissuccess.“在一次英國上層商人會議上，拉特納出席並解釋了自己成功的秘密。”所以選D。
24.HowdidpeoplefeelwhentheylearnedofGeraldRatner'sremarks?
答案：A
點睛解析：在短文中我們可以聽到：PeoplefeltinsultedandstayedawayfromRatner'sshops.“人們覺得受到了侮辱並遠離拉特納的商店。”所以選A“受侮辱的”。
25.WhatdoesthestoryofGeraldRatnersuggest?
答案：C
點睛解析：在短文開頭我們可以聽到buteventheirsenseofhumourhasalimit“但是幽默也應該有限度”，短文結尾處再次強調Ithadbeenaveryexpensivejoke“這個玩笑的代價太大了”，以此首尾呼應，告訴我們開玩笑要有度，所以選C。
SectionC
26.prospering
點睛解析：prospering繁榮的
27.decade
點睛解析：decade十年
28.opposite
點睛解析：opposite對立面
29.sustain
點睛解析：sustain保持，維持
30.Insimpleterms
點睛解析：insimpleterms簡而言之
31.establish
點睛解析：establish建立，設立
32.reasonably
點睛解析：reasonably尚可，還可以
33.takeintoaccount
點睛解析：takeintoaccount考慮，重視
34.misleading
點睛解析：misleading令人誤解的
35.usingup
點睛解析：useup耗盡，用光
PartIIIReadingComprehension
SectionA
名詞：C.challenges挑戰；D.commitment投入，承諾；E.component組成部分，部件；
F.contests比賽；L.potential潛力，可能性
動詞：A.announcing宣佈，宣稱；H.develop形成，發展；I.distributing分發，散佈；
J.enhance增強，提高；K.entitled使(某人)有權利；O.retain留用
形容詞：B.beneficial有利的，有益的；N.qualified勝任的，合格的
副詞：G.critically很大程度上，極為重要地；M.properly合理地，正確地
36.A.announcing
點睛解析：空格處前一句提到，美國教育部正在努力確保所有學生享有接受高質量教育的平等權利。因此，空格處需要填入一個能夠與名詞launch構成動賓搭配的動詞，表示“宣佈開始實施一項方案或活動”。由此可知announcing“宣佈”為本題答案。
37.K.entitled
點睛解析：由於空格前面是系動詞are，後面是介詞to及其賓語，因此空格處需填入形容詞作表語或者動詞的被動語態。備選詞中entitled使(某人)有權利，beentitledto意思是“有……資格”，填入空格處，表示“所有的孩子，不分種族、居住地及家庭收入，都應有權利接受高質量的教育”，符合語義，所以選K。
38.G.critically
點睛解析：根據空格處的前後內容可知，空格處需要填入一個副詞，用來修飾形容詞important。備選詞中critically“很大程度上，極為重要地”與important搭配，表達“至關重要”的意義，表明為教師和校長提供幫助學生髮揮潛力所需的支持很重要。同時還承接上文。
39.L.potential
點睛解析：本句提到要為教師和校長們提供支持，而這些支持是為了幫助學生髮揮其全部潛力。因此，空格處需要填入一個能與動詞reach相搭配的名詞，且表達“潛力，能力”的意義，備選詞中，potential“潛力”，符合題意，所以選potential。
40.D.commitment
點睛解析：空格前面為形容詞deep，後面為介詞of，因此空格處需要填入名詞。而且該名詞與and前面的excellentwork在意義上該是並列的，根據上下文語義，此處要表達的意思是教師和校長們工作出色且努力。所以，空格處的名詞表達的是“努力”或“投入”的意思，且為不可數的抽象名詞，備選詞中的challenges和contests均為可數名詞複數形式，可以排除；component意思是“組成部分，部件”，與此處文意不符，且不能用deep進行修飾，可以排除；只有commitment符合題意。
41.H.develop
點睛解析：空格處需要填入動詞原形，與will構成一般將來時態，並與名詞solutions構成動賓短語。solutions意思是“解決方案”，因此填入的動詞應該表達“想出，找到”或“研究出，制定出”的意義。備選詞中，動詞develop“形成”符合上下文語境。enhance意思是“增強，提高”，retain意思是“留用”，均不能與solutions搭配，且與此處文意不符，因此可以排除。
42.J.enhance
點睛解析：根據空格前後的內容可知，空格處需要填入動詞原形，且與ourfocus構成動賓搭配。根據上下文意思，教育部長認為我們必須共同努力增強對於某些問題的關注。因此，空格處填入的動詞應該表達“增強，增加”的意義，備選詞中，動詞enhance符合語境，意思是“增強，提高”。
43.O.retain
點睛解析：由and前面的兩個動詞recruit和support及其形式可知，空格處需要填入動詞原形，且與recruit和support構成並列關係，recruit意思是“招募”，support意思是“支持，配備”，賓語都是空格后的effectiveteachersandprincipals，由此可以確定，動詞retain“保持，保有”為本題答案。
44.E.component
點睛解析：因為空格前面是不定冠詞a，空格後面是介詞of，所以空格處需要填入可數名詞的單數形式。前面提到，今天的公告是改善獲得高質量教育權利途徑的又一重要步驟，而介詞of後面又提到了奧巴馬總統行動年，因此可以判斷今天的公告內容是奧巴馬總統行動年的行動內容之一，空格處應填入表示“內容，組成部分”的名詞。由此可知名詞component為本題答案，意思是“組成部分”。
45.C.challenges
點睛解析：空格處應填入名詞形式。根據上下文語境，在高需求的學校工作必將面臨更多的挑戰或困難。因此，空格處填入的名詞可能表達“困難，問題”或“挑戰”的意義，由此可以判斷，名詞challenges為本題答案，意思是“挑戰”。
SectionB
46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.
答案：K
點睛解析：題目意思是：有些人提議立法來禁止麥當勞將玩具附贈到為孩子提供的特價食品上，由此可定位至K段。該段中...becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.“因為立法者們認為這會引誘孩子們去吃不健康的食物”，所以提議禁止這種做法。
47.Fast-foodfirmsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.
答案：A
點睛解析：根據題目信息可定位至A段。Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.“當漢堡企業準備採取策略來對全球經濟的變化做出回應時,還面臨著來自監管部門更多的壓力。”題目是對A段的概括，所以選A。
48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'sBestCoffeetoincreasesales.
答案：G
點睛解析：結合題干信息可定位到文章G段。該段提到星巴克已經將它的西雅圖最好咖啡的品牌版權出售給了漢堡王，該咖啡將在今年晚些時候開始銷售，由此可知題干信息來源於G段。
49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem.
答案：I
點睛解析：根據題目信息可定位到文章I段。該段提到，快餐企業通過提供一些健康的選擇，像色拉和低熱量的三明治，至少給人們留下了採取行動對抗肥胖的印象。題干信息與原文一致，所以選I。
50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.
答案：B
點睛解析：由題目信息可定位至B段。該段提到，在經濟衰退時期，人們想要節省開支，就傾向於購買像巨無霸和皇堡這類既便宜又量大的快餐，題干信息是對該段的高度概括。
51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.
答案：D
點睛解析：由題目信息可定位到文章D段。Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.“在經濟衰退的嚴峻時期，儘管一些人降級消費轉向快餐，但許多人為了省錢而更頻繁地在家裏吃飯。”也就是說減少在外吃飯的次數，由此可知題目信息來源於該段。
52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoftenprovedineffective.
答案：E
點睛解析：根據題目信息可定位到文章E段。該段提到很多商家採取了低價促銷活動，但往往這些策略都是不奏效的。題目信息與原文一致，所以正確答案是E。
53.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingbreakfast.
答案：H
點睛解析：根據題目信息可定位到文章H段。該段通過引用一個人的話“早餐市場具有很好的賺錢潛力，因為其利潤相當高”，明確指出快餐店通過賣早餐能賺很多錢。所以H是正確答案。
54.Manyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-priceditems.
答案：F
點睛解析：根據題目信息“很多快餐企業現在期望通過推出高價產品來增加收益”可定位至F段。該段第三句提到，商家推出一些價格稍高的商品試圖將消費者從1美元的特價商品中吸引過來，由此可知，題干是對該段的概括，所以F是正確答案。
55.Anewly-passedlawasksbigfast-foodchainstospecifythecaloriecountofwhattheyserveonthemenu.
答案：J
點睛解析：根據題干信息可定位至J段。該段提到，今年美國國會通過的健康改革法案要求擁有20家及以上連鎖店的餐館將他們所供應的食品卡路里印製在菜單上。“大型快餐連鎖企業”對應該段的“擁有20家及以上連鎖店的餐館”。
SectionC
PassageOne
56.B
點睛解析：由題干信息可定位到首段第一句：Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays，youmaybewrong.“如果你認為高指數的防晒霜能夠使你免遭有害射線的輻射，那你可能就錯了。”由此可見，對於防晒霜能夠保護皮膚不受傷害的這種誤解是非常普遍的，B“它將保護人們不被太陽晒傷”符合文意。
57.A
點睛解析：根據題目信息可定位至首段第二句：Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.“本周《自然》雜誌的一項研究表明，儘管防晒指數為50的防晒霜能夠減少黑瘤的數量，並延緩其出現，但是並不能阻止其發生。”由此可見，此項研究表明高指數的防晒霜並不能有效阻止黑瘤的發生，所以正確答案是A。
58.D
點睛解析：根據題目信息可定位到第二段第二句：A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.“2011年澳大利亞一項涉及1621人的研究發現，隨機抽取的每天使用防晒霜的人群患黑瘤的幾率是需要時才使用面霜的人群的一半。”由此可知，根據此項研究，每天使用防晒霜的確能夠降低患黑瘤的幾率，即堅持使用防晒霜是有一定效果的，所以正確答案為D。
59.C
點睛解析：根據題目信息可定位到第二段第五句：Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.“此研究基於人們對他們一生中每個十年所採取防晒措施的回憶，因此並不完全可靠。”由此可見，選項C“此研究並不是基於對被研究對象的直接觀察”與原文相符合，所以選C。
60.A
點睛解析：由題干信息可定位到第四段，第四段第一句提到，正如澳大利亞人“套上——塗上——扣上”運動的數據所顯示的，綜合使用防晒霜和皮膚遮蓋措施能夠降低黑瘤發病率，後面提到：Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.“如果今年夏天有熱浪，我們也最好套上T恤，抹上防晒霜，並且扣上帽子。”也就是說，作者建議我們同時使用防晒霜和衣服、帽子等，所以選A。
PassageTwo
61.B
點睛解析：由題目信息可定位到第一段第一句：Acrosstherichworld,welleducatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.“在發達國家，與技術水平較低的人相比，受教育程度較高的人工作年限越來越長。”由此可知，B“學歷較高的人工作時間更長”符合文意。
62.B
點睛解析：根據題目信息可定位至第一段。題目問加劇貧富分化的原因，A“更長的預期壽命”，本段並未提及預期壽命的相關內容，因此排除；C“勞動人口的深層次變化”，本段並未涉及勞動力結構的深層次變化問題，因此排除；D“高學歷人才數量的增加”，本段並未指出高學歷人才的數量較之前有所增加。本段第四句分析了原因，即迅速發展的技術使高技術人群的收入增加，同時也壓縮了那些無技術人群的收入。據此可推斷，迅速發展的技術就是加劇貧富差距的主要原因，所以選B。
63.A
點睛解析：根據題目信息可定位至第二段第三句：Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(長壽)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.“20世紀，更加長壽造成了退休生活的年份更長而不是工作的年份更長，這一經歷使得觀察者們相信，這一變化將導致經濟增長減緩，同時，退休金申領人數的激增將產生政府預算問題。”所以選A“經濟增長將減緩”。
64.C
點睛解析：根據題干中的policychangesinEuropeancountries可定位至第四段的第二、三句：ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(預期壽命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefined-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.“許多歐洲國家政府已經摒棄了曾鼓勵人們儘早退休的政策。預期壽命的延長以及慷慨的固定養老金計劃被不再慷慨的固定繳費養老金計劃所替代，這些都意味着甚至有錢人也必須延長工作年限以獲得舒適的退休生活。”由此可知，政策的變化帶來的後果是C“甚至有錢人也不得不為了在退休後過上舒適的生活而延長工作年限”。
65.D
點睛解析：題目問21世紀的工作特點。文章最後一段最後一句提到，技術革新可能會進一步增強這一轉變：作為計算機的補充技能，從經營管理技巧到創新能力，都不會隨着年齡的增長而衰退。由此可知，21世紀的工作特點是，比起年齡問題，經營管理技巧、創新能力等技能將更加被看重，所以選D。
PartIVTranslation
Chinaisoneofthemostancientcivilizationsintheworld.AnumberofelementsthatconstitutethebasisofthemodernworldareoriginatedinChina.NowChina'seconomyisdevelopingthefastestintheworldandanewindustrialrevolutionhasbeenunderway.Chinahasalsolaunchedanambitiousspaceexplorationprogram,includingthecompletionofaspacestationby2020.Atpresent,Chinaistheworld'slargestexporter,andisattractingalargenumberofforeigninvestments.Atthesametime,italsoinvestedbillionsofdollarsinoverseas.In2011,ChinasurpassedJapantobecomethesecondlargesteconomicentityintheworld.